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BGP Synchronization

vinodbharwani
Level 1
Level 1

Hi

Can anybody explain me BGP synchronization in detail, or give me good document to interstand with proper explanation.

-V

7 Replies 7

Harold Ritter
Cisco Employee
Cisco Employee

Here's a good pointer.

http://www/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_q_and_a_item09186a00800949e8.shtml#nineteen

Hope this helps,

Harold Ritter
Sr Technical Leader
CCIE 4168 (R&S, SP)
harold@cisco.com
México móvil: +52 1 55 8312 4915
Cisco México
Paseo de la Reforma 222
Piso 19
Cuauhtémoc, Juárez
Ciudad de México, 06600
México

There appears to be an error in the link posted by Harold. I believe that this is the link that he intended:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_q_and_a_item09186a00800949e8.shtml#nineteen

HTH

Rick

HTH

Rick

Oops. Thanks Rick ;-)

Harold Ritter
Sr Technical Leader
CCIE 4168 (R&S, SP)
harold@cisco.com
México móvil: +52 1 55 8312 4915
Cisco México
Paseo de la Reforma 222
Piso 19
Cuauhtémoc, Juárez
Ciudad de México, 06600
México

dgahm
Level 8
Level 8

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a00800c95bb.shtml#synch

Synchronization states that, if your AS passes traffic from another AS to a third AS, BGP should not advertise a route before all the routers in your AS have learned about the route via IGP. BGP waits until IGP has propagated the route within the AS. Then, BGP advertises the route to external peers.

Wilson Samuel
Level 7
Level 7

Hi Vinod,

Please find below some points which should help you understand the BGP Synchronization in much easier terms:-

1. Its a approach against potential network Loop

2. It simply means that, if a Route is advertised by IBGP to another IBGP (ofcourse with in the same AS) then, DO NOT include in the Routing Table (of the reciever) unless the same Route has been recieved from an IGP running in the same AS or there is a Static Route for the same destination.

I hope I have tried to make it easier for you.

Please let us know if there is anything more in the direction.

HTH,

Please rate if it helps

Kind Regards,

Wilson Samuel

keegan.holley
Level 1
Level 1

It is basically BGP's method of avoiding routing loops or blackholes. It is the only protocol where the next hop does not have to be directly connected synchronization was implemented to make sure that the next hop is reachable. It does this by refusing to publish IBGP routes that aren't known to the IGP.

Say you have the topology below:

ATT-----R1-----R2----R3----Verizon

Routers 1 and 2 are eBGP speakers used to connect to the internet. They also run ospf with R2 and advertise a default route to it, with router3's default being given a higher metric to cause it to be the backup. Routers 1 and 3 are also iBGP peers and are advertising the entire (for illustation only) internet routing table to each other. You are a PC behind router 2 and you try to ping a verizon customer at 152.x.x.x. Technically router 3 will have a better route since it is peered with Verizon, but R2 will send traffic to router1 because it is advertising a better default route and Router1 will use the ATT peer because the Verizon route is not synchronized. If you turn synchronization off (and configure next-hop self at R3) router 1 will install the iBGP route for the verion customer in it's routing table and send the traffic towards R3 when it receives it. This will cause a routing loop. Router2 will send the ping packets to router1 because of it's default route. Router1 will lookup the route for the verizon customer and find a next hop of router3. Rotuer1 will then lookup the next hop for router3 and find a next-hop of router2. It will then send the packet back to router2. Router2 having no knowledge of the BGP route will obey it's default route and send the packet back to router1, repeat ad infinitum (or at least until the TTL's expire).

HTH,

Keegan

HI Vinod, [Pls Rate if Helps]

Synchronization states:

-----------------------------

If your autonomous system is passing traffic from another AS to a third AS, BGP should not advertise a route before all routers in your AS have learned about the route via IGP.

BGP will wait until IGP has propagated the route within the AS and then will advertise it to external peers. This is called synchronization.

Disabling synchronization:

--------------------------------

In some cases you do not need synchronization. If you will not be passing

traffic from a different autonomous system through your AS, or if all routers in your AS will be running BGP, you can disable synchronization.

Disabling this feature can allow you to carry fewer routes in your IGP and allow BGP to converge more quickly.

Disabling synchronization is not automatic, if you have all your routers in the AS running BGP and you are not running any IGP, the router has no way of knowing that, and your router will be waiting forever for an IGP update about a certain route before sending it to external peers. You have to disable synchronization manually in this case for routing to work correctly.

PLS RATE if HELPS

Best Regards,

Guru Prasad R

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