What you need to do first is check where the spanning tree root bridges are. It is possible that if you added a device and things went haywire that it became the spanning tree root.
Ideally your core switches should be the root, and if using something like HSRP the root should be the same place as active router.
Then check the state of links - really you should be aware of which links should be blocked - make sure the blocks are where you expect.
Then you need to look at the various interfaces that join switches and make sure they are actually running at the speed and duplex settings you expect, and all are clean - ie you are not getting a load of FRC errors on a link for example.