There are many ways to get at this data. The most basic way to get this data from an NMS for all interface types is to poll the SNMP objects ifInErrors and ifOutErrors. These counters will tell you the number of all errors on all types of interfaces. If you want to drill into specific errors, then it depends on the interface type.
Many interface types have their own specific MIB which can provide you counts for specific error types. For example, the ETHERLIKE-MIB has objects such as dot3StatsAlignmentErrors, dot3StatsFCSErrors, etc. which provide ethernet-specific errors.