06-19-2009 02:24 AM - edited 03-06-2019 06:21 AM
Hi all
I was reading my cisco book this morning, there was some info on spanning tree, basically like a diamond shape connectivity between 4 switches, all of them have connection to each other, what I want to know is, how do I find out what the designated ports are if there are 2 of them on the same switch? OR can there only be one designated port and one root port when connecting directly to other switches, and in this how many blocked ports would there be ?
the book was the icnd2 book.
hope you can help
cheers
Carl
06-19-2009 03:41 AM
The way you can tell which is actually the designated port that traffic is being sent out on is by looking at your downstream switches and which port is the FWD root port. When you find which port that is do a show cdp neighbor and see which port is connected to it. Remember that all the ports from the root switch are going to be designated (downstream) and the downstream facing switches will have the root ports (Upstream towards the root). If there are multiple trunk ports connected to root bridge than it will put one of the ports in blocking state (depend on which spanning-tree your talking about). you can see this by doing a show spanning vlan #. So you will only see blocking going upstream toward the root. hope this answers you questions.
06-19-2009 04:51 AM
hi there
but in the book, we should be able to work it out by looking at port costs etc.
can a switch have more than one designated port forwarding to another switch ?
06-19-2009 05:03 AM
Yes you can do a show spanning-tree vlan # detail and see which port has the lowest port-priority which is going to effect downstream election for which port is the Root FWD. Unless you change the port-priority or cost spanning-tree will forward out the lowest numbered trunk port. If you look at the show spanning-tree detail you can see this. What you also can do is ping traffic across the switch and take a look at your arp entries. Look at the mac-address and this will tell you which port the traffic is actually going over. Yes a switch can have more than one designated port. Now this does not mean traffic is FWD down that port because it can be blocked by a downstream switch. I drew up some notes for you. Let me know if you need more clarification.
Some quick notes:
- To affect how to the local switch elects the root port change the spanning-tree port-cost on the links. Remember that cost is cumulative throughout the STP domain.
> spanning-tree port-cost # (Higher cost is less prefered)
- To effect how the downstream switch elects its root port change the spanning-tree port-priority. This is only local significant between the two directly connected switches.
> Spanning-tree port-priority # (Highest priority is less preferred)
- When going away from the root of the tree use priority. When going towards the root of the tree use cost.
- Root bridge - What more is there to say than he is the âMaster switchâ makes all the forwarding decisions to make sure that the environment i sloop free.
- BID (bridge-ID) - made up of a Bridge-ID+Mac address (you can only change the bridge-ID to make root bridge )
- PID (Port-ID) thought I would go through this in there since this is very inportant to know. basically when you do a show spanning tree you can see what priority your port is at. It will be a default 128.X number. What your looking for is the port priority +cost
06-19-2009 07:01 AM
hi
so if if i say change the port priority on switch A, this will help switch B decide which is the best port for the route if tied ?
06-19-2009 07:21 AM
If you change the port-priority from Switch A (per-vlan) to a lower priority than the rest of the ports, than yes Switch B will change its root port to the port that is connected to Switch A that was changed.
Say we have the same priority and the selection is based off the lowest interface number (cost)
SWITCH A - gi0/0 -----------gi0/0 SWITCH B - ROOT
SWITCH A - gi0/1 -----------gi0/1 SWITCH B
If I go under the gi0/1 interface of SWITCH A and change the port-priority for vlan 1
interface gi0/1
spanning-tree vlan 1 port-priority 64
Now go to switch B and do "show spanning-tree vlan 1"
Switch B will now look at the lowest priority to get to the bridge and you ill see that the gi0/1 port on Switch B will move to the root port FWD state. Than (say we are running 802.1D) port gi0/0 on Switch B will transition to the BLK state.
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