You need some sort of database for the users. That database can be Windows AD, a local database (stored on the appliance), LDAP, RSA, or another RADIUS server. For a small group, a local user database would be fine (the database can be replicated between ACS SE appliances for redundancy).
The appliance is proprietary Cisco hardware running a closed/hardened version of Windows Server 2003. You can only access the appliance via console serial port, web browser, and SSH/Telnet. There is no keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.
Don't know about an agent, but if Red Hat includes an 802.1X supplicant with their OS, then you don't need anything else. Most current operating systems include 802.1X capabilities (Windows XP, Vista, 7, MAC OS X, etc.), so I'm guessing the Linux crowd with "enterprise" distribution does, too.