From my knowledge PoE is only offer after being negotiated through CDP with the end device. By default, even enabled, PoE is not actually "pushing" power to devices like PC. So, if you don't have some card with special config to support CDP, I don't know how PoE would influence your communication.
For the mac-address issue, skipping the hardware or cabling software, if a device doesn't have communication for a longer time, the mac-address is purged from the table. If you put the PC in the port which is not working, and try to ping it (or any other communication type), does the mac-address appear on the switch?
Btw, do you have port-security enabled on these interfaces?