Hi Maher,
The control plane is simply the set of processes that are responsible for disseminating information on routes, labels etc within a network. This includes routing protocols whose job is to communicate information on routes between different routers. The information provided by these protocols is then used to building routing/forwarding tables.
The data plane is simply an abstraction used to describe the actual flow of data packets using paths determined by the control plane. The control plane traffic carries control traffic (which is not end-user data) whereas the data plane traffic is actual end-user data.
There is no single command that you can use to distinguish between the two. The commands you have on a router that can be used to view control plane operation are as such:
sh ip route
sh ip cef
sh ip bgp ...
sh ip ospf ...
sh mpls forwarding-table...
etc... and many, many more
Typically, there isn't a clear demarcation between commands that display control plane info and those that display data plane information... You could use commands such as the following to get some idea of data traffic flowing through a router:
sh interfaces
sh policy-map interface
etc.
Hope that helps - pls rate the post if it does.
Paresh
