I don't think you'll find the phone status in the database, as that is maintained in memory by CallManager. To get the functionality you're looking for you'll have to build it or buy it.
There may be applications available that provide the functionality you are looking for, such as attendant console. Perhaps check HotDispatch:
http://www.hotdispatch.com/cisco-ip-telephony
To build it, you can access the phones status though either the PerfMon or TAPI/JTAPI interfaces.
You may already be familiar with PerfMon, which is a tool provided by Windows 2000 to monitor various aspects of the server. Cisco adds a number of counters to the Performance monitor that you can use to track call activity.
For a quick tour of PerfMon, try this:
http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6270-5025576.html
TAPI and JTAPI can also be used to write a program to monitor what you're looking for, and provides more flexibility than that of PerfMon.
For more information on building a solution you will probably want to join the developer support program if you are not already a member:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/svcs/ps3034/ps5408/ps5418/serv_home.html
Hope that helps...